On sports and health courses and the development and utilization of resources

In the dawn of the new century, in order to adapt to social development and the advent of the knowledge economy, China launched a new round of reform of basic education. A new round of reform of basic education is the core of the curriculum reform. Next, the state will not draw up a unified plan and the teaching syllabus, in its place is a curriculum standards. Curriculum standards no longer teaching content and teaching process for specific requirements. Meanwhile, in order to adapt to different regions, the requirements of schools and students, have also established a national, local and school curricula of the three-tier management system. And schools and teachers teaching in the curriculum management and implementation of a greater autonomy in accordance with their own characteristics and advantages of the development of courses. To develop courses, the courses must have enough resources, curriculum resources as a result of a brand new concept was raised. A new round of "Sports and Health" (primary schools are still said sports) the implementation of the curriculum standards, we also need places, schools and sports teachers fully tap the resources and the use of curriculum, developed with the characteristics of the local and school physical education curriculum. Therefore, the physical education and health curriculum resources development and utilization of the study is a much-needed new issues, it will become the new round of reform of the physical education curriculum a bright spot. This paper mainly uses literature research, visit research, logic analysis methods, the current combination of physical education and health curriculum reform practice observation, the physical education and health curriculum resources and the concept of classification, development and utilization and the development of the main principles and ways to conduct a comprehensive and in-depth study. 1 sports and the concept of health curriculum resources Resources refers to "sources of capital and goods. Generally refers to natural resources. "[1] As the development of human society, the concept of resources is continually expanding, that natural resources no longer just the resources, but also includes a variety of community resources. The practice of various human activities calls for a certain resources. Curriculum resources is a result of the new round of reform of the basic education curriculum to the needs of a new concept. "Curriculum resources is the key source of a course curriculum and the implementation of the necessary conditions directly [2]." "In accordance with the functional characteristics of curriculum resources, curriculum resources can be classified as material resources and the conditions of the two major categories of resources. ... In accordance with the curriculum of different spatial distribution of resources , can be roughly divided into the curriculum resources outside the school curriculum resources and curriculum resources [3]. "As a physical education and health courses in basic education a major courses, a new round of curriculum reform to achieve the goal, of course, also need to have a certain curriculum resources as a prerequisite. Sports and health curriculum resources refers formation of the physical education and health curriculum sources and the implementation of elements of physical education and health courses and direct the necessary conditions. According to this concept, sports and health curriculum resources can SCA resources and the conditions of the two major categories of resources. Sports and health curriculum material resources, including major sports and health knowledge, physical training methods and measures, Physical Education Organization and teaching, curriculum goals, feelings and values, and other sports in five aspects. Sports and health conditions of the courses include resources for the implementation of this course of human resources, financial resources, time resources, space resources and sports equipment supplies and resources five aspects. Material resources are the physical education and health curriculum elements of the source, that is, building sports and health curriculum objectives, course content and curriculum implementation of the method of sources. It can be seen as a physical education and health courses running software. Modern information transmission channels varied, physical education curriculum material resources can be from a variety of materials, books, newspapers, magazines, radio, television, audio-visual materials, such as CD-ROM and Internet access. On the other hand, a lot of physical education curriculum material resources exist in various places, communities, we need to rely on the development, selection and use. Conditions for the implementation of physical education curriculum resources are needed hardware, the lack of physical education resources conditions it is difficult to proceed smoothly, therefore, it determines the scope of the implementation of sports programs and practical level. Sports courses on time and space conditions demand is relatively high, the physical education curriculum objectives of the need for more time and space as guarantor, in addition, also calls for a certain human, financial and sports equipment support. Curriculum resources sports and health courses is the prerequisite for the creation, but only after the abundant resources after the screening and processing can we truly enter the courses. Therefore, in order to achieve physical education and health curriculum reform objectives, the need to improve curriculum resources development and application level. 2 sports and health curriculum resources development and utilization of the need for For a long time, we have become accustomed to the implementation of the unified curriculum physical education curriculum management system. According to experts from the logic of sports disciplines prepared by the unified framework, the school year of teaching content, teaching hours, teaching schedule was very detailed and thoughtful, unified throughout the country will act in accordance with the outline of the implementation of Physical Education. A key link in the national curriculum management system, authoritative, management is very convenient, and schools and sports teachers to implement it more easy characteristics. However, China is a large country, the region's geography, climate, economic development levels, cultural backgrounds, and so on the basis of students very significant differences, which in many places because of the conditions and restrictions can not be implemented outline. The outline contains a lot of competitive sports without a transformation of the content of some of these elements for the majority of students, and is expected to be, but also to promote the healthy development of children can not play a positive role. A new round of physical education curriculum reform, in accordance with the requirements of the current reform of basic education is no longer formulate unified national sports program, but will raise the physical education and health curriculum standards (hereinafter referred to lessons subscript). Course superscript "Health First" as the guiding ideology, the curriculum goals, objectives and the level of learning areas to target specific requirements, and the goal of completion of the course contents and methods need only a broad scope, regions, schools and sports teachers have a great choice. Because of the standard does not require teaching hours, according to the students meet learning targets situation, teachers may at any time on the different aspects of teaching hours to adjust [4]. Course objective is for all students to the basic requirement and the various places, schools, and teachers should strive to achieve. But for how to achieve class standard, and schools and teachers have more autonomy. Local, schools, teachers should be in accordance with their respective needs, characteristics and advantages, we should fully tap the rich resources sports and health courses, and has also selected by the students, effective and practical method of teaching content and creative way to achieve the goal of course, to share the same objectives , converge. In addition, the state, local, school courses at the three levels of the management system, but also to mobilize local, schools and teachers develop curriculum resources enthusiasm, we go all out to better accomplish the task of Curriculum Reform. These reform measures not only implies giving places, schools and teachers decentralization, but also means that local schools and teachers to a higher demand. For physical education teachers, the future no longer have ready-made fixed "script" reproduces, each physical education teachers should be in the pursuit of the target premise, according to the actual situation, select contents and methods of teaching, develop their own "script", on its own characteristics lesson. Three new concepts, the development of a comprehensive physical education and health curriculum resources For a long time, physical education curriculum be understood as merely by curriculum row, in the school playground on the PE is a limit in the schools and provisions of the 45 minutes of closed system. Sports courses on this understanding, limit our rich sports programs around the concerns and resources development. Now, with the sports curriculum reform continued to deepen, people have gradually breaking the previous closed course concept, as is the physical education curriculum in schools, the overwhelming majority exists in the space of 45 minutes and not subject to restrictions of open systems. "Therefore, the full use of all available resources for education, physical education out of school playgrounds, and the extracurricular activities of students, family and community life combine the modern physical education curriculum is the inevitable requirement for development [5]." This new concept of the physical education curriculum will help us open up horizons , the full development and utilization of the rich resources sports programs, sports programs better achieve goals. 3.1 to foster a new physical education and health curriculum time outlook To achieve physical education and health curriculum goals, the first time have the guarantee, relying on 2 to 3 times per week of physical education time is far from sufficient. Courses include homework with the process, which is not the only refers to the process of classroom teaching process, but it also should include students in the school extra-curricular sports activities and extracurricular sports process, including the participation of students holidays, families, communities, and other sports process. These students physical exercise time should be seen as an extension of physical education time, a physical education curriculum areas of the time. Resources sufficient time to implement the physical education curriculum that physical education teachers should be open to the positive vision of the development and use of the physical education curriculum time resources. Sports Curriculum Reform in the process of teaching content and organization because of the diversification of time often makes the arrangements for physical education in the past did not fixed. To meet the need for reform in terms of time allocation of resources should be flexible and mobile. At present, many elective classes in schools, clubs, and a system of school reform, will not only break the original class teaching system, but also broke the conventional fixed teaching time. The diversification of teaching content, and sometimes also requires us to break a course of 45 min, some of the contents of teaching need to take lessons combination of centralized and scattered approach and, where necessary, can be arranged at the weekend. Of course, the time the flexible deployment of resources, is not meant to be casual and unplanned, any time of the deployment should be prior consent of the school agreed, and included in school curricula. 3.2 expand the implementation of the physical education and health curriculum space The implementation of sports programs need more room, there is not enough room, it would be difficult to carry out physical education, physical education curriculum is a prominent feature. However, the actual situation in China at present, the majority of school sports are very limited space, this is the sports curriculum reform disadvantage. Therefore, we strive to expand the school sports space at the same time, it should be an open vision to the school physical education curriculum development space. New schools should promote educational ideals into an open system. At present, schools are being called on the stadiums should open society, in turn, to foster lifelong physical education students the awareness and ability, the school's physical education curriculum should also be toward society and nature. China's vast territory and abundant resources, the region's geography, climate, economy and culture vastly different, the region boasts rich and unique extracurricular sports curriculum resources, the rational development of these resources will provide sports curriculum reform is very favorable terms. In recent years, in order to make physical education in a lively, many schools have begun to actively try to develop extracurricular sports resources. For example, in order to make Shenzhen City High School physical education and extra-curricular sports activities, integrate the club is trying to sports in the form of teaching, students can according to their own hobbies option classes. In addition to the school set up baskets, Pai, Ping, feathers, martial arts, aerobics and other projects courses, but also set up a bar softball, football, hockey, tennis and higher demands on the project site courses. To address these courses venues, they organize the students out of school classes. For example, the school's tennis club, every weekday evening, the club will be organized hundreds of students to Guanlan Country Club Tennis Center, and paid careful study happily playing tennis [6]. And short of the rural economy developed regions, although the lack of modern stadiums, but the city has not developed the unique sports space, where the beautiful rivers and mountains, beaches, green spaces, which are all good sports space resources, as long as we pay attention development, rational use, able to play a unique role, so that physical education curriculum goals can be realized. Concern extracurricular sports programs in the space resources development, should also attach importance to the development of space resources in schools, after all, mainly to physical education in schools on. Although the school can be developed relatively limited space resources, but the total still some potential. Many school sports programs in order to free up more space and fully tap the potential of schools, the building of a number of practical Stadium, the Museum, schools and even some cities will be asked to field athletics, track and field below left field with the same large area into the gym, gym, table tennis rooms and venues, the implementation of the physical education curriculum to provide more space. 3.3 Development of the rich sports and health curriculum material resources For a long time, and schools and physical education teachers are accustomed to in accordance with the unified national program of teaching, mandated in the outline of what we have to teach what. But in the outline of the provisions of the majority of teaching content is the formal competitive sports content, as is the uniform provisions, so whether schools are unconditionally, whether students interested, students can learn and teachers can only copying Physical Education. This makes places, schools, and teachers do not need to consider this issue curriculum resource development. The experiment is the physical education and health curriculum standards, the only course objectives, learning objectives and the level of field goals put forward clear demands, but no specific course content for hard and fast rules. This requires places, schools and teachers should be based on the actual situation independently to choose the course contents and methods. "Health First" is the physical education and health curriculum purposes. Therefore, the physical education teaching content should be the fitness of the body of knowledge and training methods and means. Human means and methods of fitness is very rich, but also with the development of society in constant development. At present, apart from competitive sports, the community, there are still many of the masses of young people emerging favorite sports, entertainment sports, leisure sports, civil and national sports content, such as the various fashion aerobics, fitness dance, folk dance, street dance, soft volleyball, gas, volleyball, roller-skating, climbing (artificial), Frisbee and the characteristics of sports and so on, can be rightfully introduce sports classroom. Some sports teachers also use their brains to find ways, according to the actual situation in schools, according to local conditions and now to not only create a lot of students like and promote the physical and mental health training methods. PE teaching content should also include the development of competitive sports on common projects and the use of the transformation, many competitive sports, as long as we reduce the technical requirements or equipment standards and highlighted their fitness and entertainment functions, is still loved by the students good material. Sports and health courses taught teaching also includes certain health-related knowledge. In modern society, people generally concerned about their own health. So, pay attention to all the various media reports about fitness, health aspects of new knowledge, new ideas, new methods. These sources of knowledge, it is very rich and, therefore, in the process of teaching good addition to a selection of teaching materials, should also through various books, newspapers, magazines, radio, television and the Internet, gather relevant material, added some new time teaching content. 3.4 fully develop sports and health human resources courses Sports courses human resources can be understood as the intervention programs and courses and play a positive role in the implementation of the human sources. Curriculum physical education curriculum requirements should be an open system, its human resources, not only in school physical education teachers, school leaders, teacher, student, but also outside experts, instructors, community sports instructors, parents, and so on. These people are likely to the implementation of sports programs play a positive role. Previously, in addition to physical education teachers, very few people will be directly involved the implementation of the physical education curriculum. However, the openness of the physical education curriculum, due to time and space business development, the diversification of contents and methods, the need for multi-human intervention can be better implemented. In order to better implement the "Health First" the guiding ideology, in school and need school leadership, academic administrators, the class teacher and students actively involved in school sports work. The content and methods of teaching physical education reform, relying on the strength of PE teachers often is not enough, and where necessary, and can fully consider hiring outside experts, coaches, and community sports instructors as part of the teaching work. In fact, some schools have already started to do so. Some schools also promote sports in schools, the mutual flow of human resources, the school will not only promote the necessary flexibility to hire outside staff for teaching, but also in promoting the circumstances allow for the first complete physical education teachers to serve as the guiding community sports, participate in various business education increased in order to raise the the overall quality of teachers. Of course, no matter how physical education curriculum reform, physical education teachers remains the most important human resources. Physical education teachers are the main perpetrators of course, is the physical education curriculum resource development and material resources carrier. Therefore, we should fully tap the potential of PE teachers, enhance their overall quality, and human resource development is the most important link. Curriculum Reform in the process of physical education teachers should be completed as soon as possible role of the conversion, from the original implementation of courses for policy makers to shift from a "lecturer" into a curriculum researchers. Role of the conversion is a difficult task, we should create conditions for the physical education teachers so that they have the opportunity to study and master modern education, teaching theories and techniques, constantly update our concepts, and constantly raising the professional standard. PE teachers themselves should also step up study, positive thinking, participate in teaching and research in the practice of reform to improve their capacity to adapt to the curriculum reform the development of the situation. 4 physical education and health curriculum resource development principles and the way When we establish a new concept of the curriculum, we will expand the vision, will find physical education curriculum resources are very abundant. It can be said that all students can promote the development of physical and mental health resources available for the program resources. But the fact is we can not have all the resources to develop and use, but they should be based on the merits and school resources to the actual situation of choosing the most appropriate resources be developed and utilized. 4.1 Development of principle Principle 4.1.1 fitness "Health First" is the guiding ideology of the education reform schools, sports and health courses is the primary objective. Therefore, we in the development of curriculum resources, we must first consider the principle is fitness. Both primary and secondary students is in a period of rapid development physically and mentally, in their different stages of growth and development, have different physical development sensitive period. Therefore, we in the choice of material resources, shall, in accordance with students at different stages of the development of physical characteristics, to be scientific and rational choice, to ensure that these materials can really help promote the healthy growth of the students physical role. Avoid use some practical, not helpful to the health of students material resources. 4.1.2 interested in the principle of Students interested in studying physical education and health courses momentum, only students in the teaching contents and methods interested in the environment, to take the initiative and active participation in learning. In the development of physical education curriculum material resources, we must guard against those who choose technical requirements too high, students will learn fundamental, or dull material. Lively and active young people, we shall, in accordance with their psychological characteristics, and welcome to choose their favorite sports material, including some entertainment, leisure and emerging physical exercise, so that they can learn the fun in full physical and mental development. Principle 4.1.3 adaptability Adaptability refers to the principle in the development of physical education curriculum resources, and consideration should be given to schools, teachers and students in line with the actual situation. The development of curriculum resources in the process, we may find that many good curriculum resources, but is not able to use very well, depends on schools, teachers and students in specific circumstances, such as the school site equipment, financial resources and the environment, whether or not the desired conditions, the availability of a physical education teachers the ability of the students is the desired basis, or even to consider the parents can not get the understanding and support. 4.2 physical education and health curriculum resources development means Physical Education and Health Curriculum Resources is a new concept, its development and use is a need to seriously deal with the new issues. However, the physical education curriculum resource development can not rely on behind closed doors, and does not blindly way to racking our brains, and the investigation should be the subject of extensive analysis, and in teaching practice to be evidence, use practice to test the use of resources more scientific and effective and experiences should also be carried out exchanges and promote. Only by these means can be achieved through effective resource development and utilization. 4.2.1 research In China's vast land, all provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, and even where each school community, there are many objective can be developed for physical education and health curriculum resources. But if these resources not found it, dig it, there will be no use of it. Therefore, the development of physical education curriculum resources is the primary task through extensive investigation and research, the use of resources can be fully grasp the actual situation, through comparative analysis, which choose the best use of resources. 4.2.2 Experimental Study Experimental research is the development of physical education and health curriculum resources necessary means, only through teaching practice test, can be confirmed by the development of the resources whether it is conducive to achieving the objective of course is subject to the pupils. Therefore, in the development of curriculum resources, we should promote the adoption of scientific investigation, the results of experiments to confirm the choice of the effectiveness of resources, and make them choose the best use of resources. 4.2.3 promote exchanges Curriculum resource development is the physical education and health curriculum reform in a new bright spot. In recent years, many localities and schools in this work has been made a very good experience, their characteristics of the material resources, the conditions in the community in the use of resources, or human, financial resource development, have broken with the original old curriculum framework and achieved very good results. Their good experience is worth learning and drawing upon. Therefore, in the development of curriculum resources in the work should promote mutual exchanges and learn from each other, to the sharing of information resources. All three work by the local education authority or school district teaching and research department of the teachers in some backbone, but also by the Department of Physical Education in schools launched with the support of research and development, they can even have the enthusiasm and the ability to conduct independent development of physical education teachers. In short, should extensively mobilize the forces on all sides development and utilization of physical education and health curriculum resources, sports and health courses more lively and the like by the students, and to promote the students receive comprehensive physical and mental development. 5 Conclusion 1. Sports and health curriculum resources refers to a physical education and health courses source of the factors directly with the necessary conditions. Under the Resource features, it will be sports and health curriculum resources SCA resources and the conditions of the two major categories of resources. 2. In the new round of reform of the basic education curriculum, the curriculum of physical education and health status has been further improved. To implement the new curriculum standards sports and health management system with three courses, and schools and sports teachers to be actively developing this program resources. 3. The development of physical education and health curriculum resources should first update our ideas, breaking the framework of the original courses, courses will be considered open systems, expanding the time and space programs, comprehensive development and utilization of resources and material conditions of resources. 4. Physical education curriculum resources development must undergo strict screening, in accordance with the fitness of interest and the principles of adaptability to choose the best use of resources. The physical education curriculum resource development is the main means of investigation and research, laboratory research and the exchange of promotion.